The immune system.

The immune system is exceedingly complex in its constituent cells, molecules, and signaling pathways. Each major component of the immune system is critical for survival; immune activity protects against infections that would quickly be lethal without immune defenses and eliminates cells in the stages of cancerous transformation.

The most common and major immune system disorders are related to an immune activity that exceeds physiological needs. Hypersensitivity in the form of allergies occurs in 10% to 20% of the population. The prevalence of allergies increased in the developed world from the 1960s through the early 2000s, after which it began to plateau. Although less common than immune hyperactivity, disorders in which immune activity is below normal leave an individual susceptible to dangerous infections. In some individuals, immune activity is compromised to the extent that those affected are at risk for a major illness or even death.

1. What is the “big picture” of the immune system’s role in maintaining homeostasis?

2. What general principles are involved in the protection provided by the innate and adaptive immune systems?

Requirements: 400

Answer preview

Of significance is noting that general principles such as high blood flow protects the inner and adaptive immune systems. In this sense, the flow makes the infected site develop inflammation by turning red, developing swells, and becoming tender/warm (Nguyen, 2018). The immune cells discharge chemicals that expand blood vessels at the region, causing inflammation signs. Notably, the high blood flow means that the body returns to its normal state due to the quickened repair. The immune system also facilitates wound healing, enabling the affected organ to develop appropriate barriers. This enhances the reformation process of those organs, thus promoting homeostasis. Immune cells, known as macrophages, consume the impaired or dead cells and then discharge proteins that promote the regrowth of the muscle cells. Without the regrowth, the body has a higher chance of reinfection, preventing homeostasis from occurring.

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