Depression is a mental state characterized by recurrent low mood, lack of interest and pleasure in daily tasks, disruption, and decreased energy, contributing to varying degrees of social and occupational impairment (Luo et al., 2019). It is likely to cause changes in the brain that regulate the mood of a person. Sometimes it makes the brain nerve cells to function poorly. As a result, communication between the nerve cells and nerve circuits is altered, making it difficult for a person’s brain to control the mood. Moreover, there are depressive disorders prevalent in people of all ages, and it is categorized depending on the duration, severity, number of symptoms, and degree of functional disability. A manic episode is mainly preceded by and usually accompanied by hypomanic or major depressive episodes of bipolar disorder (Erdal et al., 2017). Depression is categorized into subtypes, including major depressive disorder, dysthymia, seasonal affective, psychotic, and Bipolar depression. The common symptoms associated with depression include sadness, irritability, lack of interest in activities once an individual enjoyed, lack of proper concentration, withdrawal from social activities, fatigue, and sleep loss. Furthermore, effective medications are available for mild to extreme depression. Psychological therapies such as behavioral activation, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), or antidepressant medications are used to treat depression (Kvæl et al., 2017).
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