Powerpoint presentation of Cardiovascular Disorders : Hypertension, Heart failure, dyslipidemia. Gastrointestinal disorders including GERD, Colorectal CA screening, Abdominal pain, Hepatitis.

Each disorder describing:

sign and symptom

Diagnostic testing
Treatment plan
Patient teaching

differential diagnosis.

There is no limit to the slides on powerpoint.

There are various symptoms associated with hypertension, including nose bleeding, severe headaches, chest pain, vision problem,   irregular heartbeat, fatigue or confusion, and blood in the urine. 

Diagnostic Testing

While examining whether the patient has hypertension, a physician may request a blood pressure measurement. The blood pressure measurement will show elevated BP. An elevated BP is a systolic pressure that ranges from 120 to 129 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of not above 80 mmHg

Treatment plan

The physician prescribes the medicine to the patient depending on their blood pressure measurements and their overall health. Some of the medicines prescribed include diuretics, calcium channel blockers, Angiotensin II receptors blockers (ARBs), among others. However, the patients are required to change their lifestyle, including nutrition and physical activities.

 Patient teaching plan

Patients are encouraged to consume a heart-healthy diet. They should try a dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, which encourages them to consume whole grains, vegetables, fruits, fish, and low-fat dairy foods. They need to consume a lot of potassium and engage in physical activities but with the physician’s guidance.

The hypertension differential diagnosis includes renal artery stenosis, hyperaldosteronism, chronic kidney disease, coarctation, and aortic valve disease.

 Heart Failure

The heart failure signs and symptoms include weakness or fatigue, rapid or irregular heartbeat, swelling in the legs, feet, or ankles,  reduced ability to work, swelling of the abdomen, nausea and lack of appetite, chest pain, and decreased alertness.

Diagnostic testing

A physician t may recommend blood testing where they evaluate whether the patients’ blood might indicate heart failure. Secondly, the physician may recommend an electrocardiogram test (ECG) which records the electoral activity in the patient’s heart. It helps in checking any problems in the heart.

Treatment plan

The treatment depends on the stage of the heart failure. For example, the treatment for Stage  A heart failure includes conducting regular exercise, like walking every day, intake of food with low sodium content, quit smoking or alcohol use. Also, the doctor may prescribe medication like beta-blockers angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) in case the patient has high blood pressure, diabetes, or coronary artery disease. Other treatments include a biventricular pacemaker, implantable cardiac defibrillator, heart surgery, heart transplant, or use of ventricular assist devices.

The patients eat plenty of fruits, whole grains, and vegetables. They should consume fat-free and low-fat dairy products, beans, fish, skinless poultry, and lean meats. Patients need to limit foods high in trans-fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. Lastly, they need to take less than 6 grams of salt a day.

Some of the differential diagnoses for heart failure include extracardiac fluid overload, cardiac or respiratory etiologies, and a high output state.

 Dyslipidemia