Marjorie Benton

Political and religious violence

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These are the times that try men’s souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.”

– Thomas Paine, The Crisis

For this discussion we will reflect on both historical and present day examples of migration and expansion caused by political and religious violence that emerged from the wars to control North America, culminating in the American Revolution. In your selected documentary be sure to bridge the gap between historical and present day examples of migration, as well as examining the perspective of the film’s content.

The Thirty Years War in mainland Europe was a conflict on a scale comprisable to the First World War, both in terms of lives lost and the lasting devastation it left behind. During the same period, the English Civil War between Roundhead and Cavalier factions produced series of upheavals that culminated in the execution of Charles I and the establishment of a military dictatorship under Oliver Cromwell. This period of religious and political violence produced one of the largest refugee crises in history, which in turn ended up shaping the dimensions of politics in Colonial America as well as the social, religious, ethnic, and political make-up of North America for centuries to come, culminating in the creation of the United States.

For all writing assignments you are required to do the following:

  • Write a 300-500 Word Review of your chosen media.
  • After completing your review you are expected to write TWO 100 Word responses to your classmates review, giving feedback, asking questions, and drawing connections between the subjects of your respective posts.

OPTION 1

Read: Davidson, Experience History Volume 1: Interpreting America’s Past (via McGraw Hill Connect)

Chapter 5: The Mosaic of Eighteenth Century America

Chapter 6: Imperial Triumph, Imperial Crisis

Chapter 7: The American People and the American Revolution

For your Chapter Reviews, you are expected to read the selected sections (manually edited by the instructor) that connect to our class lectures and discussions. Using the text as your source, write a 300-500 word short essay that answers any one of the following essential questions* from the Section 2 notes:

  1. How did the religious, social, and political situation in England during the 1600s influence the settlement of the colonies of North America?
  2. Describe how the political and religious upheavals of the English Civil War, Restoration, and Glorious Revolution helped to shape both the settlement and social development of Great Britain’s North American colonies.
  3. Identify moments in the lives and careers of our founding fathers where their loyalties to Britain were first brought into question. What aspects of their experience made it so they felt revolution was necessary?
  4. What were the major contributing factors that caused the American Revolution to transition from a localized rebellion to a continental revolution? Can you pinpoint one factor or several that helped this along?
  5. George Washington famously lost more battles than he won during his campaigns in the Revolutionary War. What additional factors helped the Continental Army ultimately defeat the British and gain independence?

*When writing your essay in the discussion thread make sure to do the following:

  • If using a direct quote or block of information from the text, make sure to put the name of the textbook editor in parenthesis, followed by a period (Davidson).
  • Where possible, use examples from the text to support an historical argument that follows your own interpretation from the reading and ideas of its meaning.
    • Do not simply say, “According to the book….” Instead make a statement and then use the book as a resource to help support your answers.
  • Discuss what you learned and what you would like to learn more about.
  • Where possible, connect at least one idea discussed in class to your review.
  • You are welcome – but not required – to challenge the historical perspective presented in the text. If there is something that you feel could be fleshed out more, or a part of the story that seems to be missing, be sure to point it out.

OPTION 2

Write a 300-500 word review on any of the following multimedia sources listed below. Your documentary/podcast review should contain the following:

  • A very brief summary (no more than 50 words ) that explains the premise of your chosen media source.
  • What did learn from and what you would like to learn more about?
  • List at least one blind spot or missed opportunity your source could have addressed.
  • Are there places where you believe your source could have given its audience or readers more information?
  • Identify at least one instance of bias (a preference toward one point of view over another) that occurred in your chosen resource.
    • There will always be occurrences of bias in everything you watch in this class. This is not necessarily a negative, but becoming aware of how a preferred point of view can inform the way a story is told is one of the primary goals of this course.
  • Where possible, connect at least one idea discussed in class to your review.

American History Tellers (Listen to First Three Episodes):

The Virginia Planter

Transcript

 

The Empire Builder

The Empire Builder Transcript

 

The Iroquois Diplomat

Transcript

 

Tides of History (Listen to Both):

The Rise of Printing and the Invention of News

Transcript

 

George Washington and the End of the Revolution

Transcript

 

Ben Franklin’s World: Celebrating the Fourth

Transcript

It wasn’t always fireworks on the Fourth.

John Adams predicted Americans would celebrate the Second of July, the day Congress voted in favor of independence, “with Pomp and Parade, with Shews, Games, Sports, Bells, Bonfires and Illuminations from one End of this Continent to the other.” He got the date wrong, but he was right about the festivities in commemoration of Independence Day. And yet July Fourth events have changed a great deal since 1776. How do our fireworks displays, barbecues, parades, and sporting events compare to the first and earliest celebrations of independence? How and why do we celebrate the United States and its independence as we do?

https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/episode-245-celebrating-the-fourth/ (Links to an external site.)

Ben Franklin’s World: Life in Everyday Early America

Transcript

What would you like to know about Early American History? It turns out, you wanted to know about the establishment of schools, how the colonial postal service worked, and about aspects of health and hygiene in early America.

https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/episode-200-everyday-life-in-early-america/ (Links to an external site.)

Roundhead or Cavalier: Which Are You?

In the middle of the 17th century, Britain was devastated by a civil war that divided the nation into two tribes – the Roundheads and the Cavaliers. In this programme, celebrities and historians reveal that modern Britain is still defined by the battle between the two tribes. The Cavaliers represent a Britain of panache, pleasure and individuality. They are confronted by the Roundheads, who stand for modesty, discipline, equality and state intervention.

The ideas which emerged 350 years ago shaped our democracy, civil liberties and constitution. They also create a cultural divide that influences how we live, what we wear and even what we eat and drink. Individuals usually identify with one tribe or the other, but sometimes they need some elements of the enemy’s identity – David Cameron seeks a dash of the down-to-earth Roundhead, while Ed Miliband looks for some Cavalier charisma.

 

Charles I: Downfall of a King (Amazon Prime)

Historian Lisa Hilton discovers how, in just fifty tempestuous days, Charles I’s rule collapsed, laying the foundations for civil war, the loss of royal power and, ultimately, the king’s head.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=eqK8yrZeaiI&feature=emb_title (Links to an external site.)

The War that Made America: Unintended Consequences

“The War that Made America” brings to life a vastly important time in American history, when events set forces in motion that would culminate in the American Revolution. The dramatic documentary tells the story of the French and Indian War (1754-1763), which began in the wilderness of the Pennsylvania frontier and spread throughout the colonies, into Canada, and ultimately around the world. “The War That Made America” combines a commitment to accuracy with a compelling portrayal of the dangerous world of the 18th-century frontier. A central figure is George Washington, a brash and ambitious young officer in his twenties hoping to make his reputation in the military — and whose blunders inadvertently trigger the war.

 

 

Liberty! The American Revolution: The Reluctant Revolutionaries

Liberty! The American Revolution is a dramatic documentary about the birth of the American Republic and the struggle of a loosely connected group of states to become a nation. The George Foster Peabody award-winning series brings the people, events and ideas of the revolution to life through military reenactments and dramatic recreations performed by a distinguished cast. Click on a topic to learn more.

 

 

Rebels and Redcoats: How Britain Lost America (Part One)

Throughout the entire program there are clear explanations about the politics going on behind the scenes, the impact of other nations like Canada and France, battle tactics and strategies, and weaponry, all following a beginning-to-end time line. The impact of each geographic area is frequently emphasized, as there were often a division of loyalties not just in regions but also in neighborhoods. While being a British production, the viewpoint of many different groups are discussed in detail, including the difficult choices Native American Indians and black slaves were forced to make in choosing allegiances.

 

 

Benjamin Franklin: The Chess Master (UCF Infobase Link)

By far the oldest of the principal leaders of the American Revolution, Franklin, now in his 70s, embarks upon the most important role of his life. The American Revolution doesn’t stand a chance without outside support; Congress sends Franklin to France in a desperate effort to secure an alliance with England’s greatest rival. All of Franklin’s considerable political skills – his talent for propaganda, public relations, back-room strategizing, his gift for subterfuge and manipulation – are called into play as he tries to convince the aristocratic French to lend much-needed support to the Revolutionary cause.

https://fod-infobase-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=131244&tScript=0 (Links to an external site.)

Lafayette: The Lost Hero

No one in recorded history has suffered a fate quite like Lafayette. Once, he was the most famous man in the world; today, few people know who he was or what he accomplished. Ever since he died, there has been a conflict over the true meaning of his accomplishments. It is time to re-evaluate his crucial role in the establishment of America’s democracy.

Washington’s Generals Marquis de Lafayette (CC)

Shay’s Rebellion: America’s First Civil War

In 1786, a Revolutionary War veteran named Daniel Shays, disenchanted by crushing debt and taxes, led an uprising against the government. This program examines Shays’ Rebellion, as it came to be called, and the chaotic post-war era that inspired it. General George Washington’s return to public life to fill the nation’s power vacuum is addressed as well.

Play media comment.

Requirements: Write a 300-500 Word

Answer preview

Even though the three experts were quite comprehensive in covering matters related to the Fourth of July celebrations, I think the podcast might have missed an opportunity to provide additional information on the subject. Specifically, the podcast glossed over the politicization of these celebrations. I would like to hear more about the politicization of the celebrations in today’s society. This information would have provided a more holistic understanding of this topic. The Fourth of July celebrations are meant to bring all Americans together. However, with the politicization of these celebrations currently taking place, the opposite is being achieved.

Instance of Bias

[484 Words]

Political and religious violence

Marjorie Benton

Writing about Art

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  1. Write a two-page in-depth commentary for one of your works of art and, of course, include the image of that work. Writing about Art resource posted in Course Content. Submit by the end of week 6 to the proper area. Format, cite caption, and reference in MLA style with author/date and proper in-text citations required. Use Spell/Grammar check. Save as a Word doc or pdf file.Need Some Ideas?So, you are selecting one of your works of art for stage 5 and writing a more in-depth essay. You can include the information you wrote in stage 4 about the one artwork then expand on it; possibly it can serve as an overview or introductory statement. Or, you can mix the content from 4 within the in-depth content for 5. One strong direction might be to bring in an outside artwork or works that would make a great comparative study. Or, you could further discuss the elements and principles of art focusing on a particular element or principle. Or, possibly talk about the iconography more extensively than the short descriptions written for Stage 4.Deliverables:
ARTWORK TO BE USED

Thierry Mugler | Haute Couture Autumn/Winter (1997-1998) by Les Arts Décoratifs

Requirements: 2 pages

Answer preview

Therefore, women’s empowerment can be expressed through art; there is more than meets the eye. The haute couture by Mugler is not just a piece of art to be seen and marveled at, but it is a representation of women’s empowerment. The incredible haute couture was created at a time when the artist faced much criticism for the kind of materials he used for producing his art. However, instead of backing down, Bugler produced this controversial haute couture to depict his feminist support. Forms of art, whether painting, music or play, can be used to relay a message of empowerment and support for a good course (Jones 24). The use of women in art must be purely for conveying an educative, historical, or cultural message to avoid facing criticism from feminists.

[635 Words]

Writing about Art

Marjorie Benton

Feminist art

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After reading this week’s content, select 1 question to write about.

1. What does the term, “feminist art” mean to you? Give at least one example and post an image.

2. Discuss the differences between Modernism and Postmodernism as related to feminist art. Give at least one example and post an image.

3. Define “otherness.” Give at least one example as related to our studies this week and post an image.

4. Discuss what is meant by “cultural stereotyping.” Give at least one example as related to our studies this week and post an image.

Answer preview

The feminist art movement is perceived as a multi-disciplinary movement. This is because feminist artists are not unified by a single style or medium (Langfeld 3). Feminist artists often combined elements from different movements such as video art, conceptual art, and body art into their artworks (Langfeld 3). This allowed them to present messages about women’s experiences and call for gender equality (Langfeld 3). The end goal of doing this was to generate conversations between art viewers and artworks via the inclusion of a female perspective in the artworks (Langfeld 5). Feminist artists believed art should not solely be an object for aesthetic admiration. Instead, it should prompt viewers to inquire about the existing political and social atmosphere (Langfeld 5). By doing this, the hope was that these inquiries would prompt people to change society and create gender equality.

[1220 Words]

Feminist art

Marjorie Benton

Slave Narrative

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You will then write your own slave narratives as a slave from the region of Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, North/South Carolina, Tennessee and Mississippi, researching for historical accuracy and incorporating elements of the slave narrative genre to demonstrate understanding. Your slave narrative will actively reflect experiences encountered while escaping from slavery. This assignment is worth thirty-five points.

  1. Discuss entries found in a diary: events (big and small–community, family and personal), emotional responses, thoughts, questions, goals, dreams, plans. Please note that a diary is usually very personal, and therefore presents the personality of the writer.
  2. Create a “slave persona” for yourself and include the following:
  3. Be sure to address the event/circumstances surrounding your escape and process.
  4. Must be three pages typed single-spaced with Times New Roman font.

Learning outcomes

Students will:

Answer preview

I am exploring my past experiences in my new settlement in Alabama. Slavery is a norm here, although the region is not yet a state. From what I gathered from my parents, slaves contributed to 30% of Alabama’s population. Strikingly, the number doubled in the 1830s. I found it more intriguing to learn that Alabama gained its statehood when cotton production was gaining traction and spreading to the South. The unfortunate aspect was that masters held most slaves in bondage in some counties, such as the Tennesse River Valley. Further, the settlers from eastern Georgia and the western side of South Carolina owned the slaves, but they sought cheaper labor and fertile land in Alabama. I learned that the encounters slaves experienced were contradictory and confusing during this remarkable period in history known as the antebellum period. The period between 1832 and 1860 was a time that resulted in the formation of the United States government and contentions that led to the American Civil War. Notably, the demand for slavery skyrocketed, and importing slaves from the African Continent increased the price for the slaves. Consequently, this made the small-scale farmers in Virginia richer since they sold their slaves further to the west and South.

[1816 Words]

Slave Narrative

Marjorie Benton

Historic events on American society

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Historical awareness informs various aspects of our lives. We live in a time of rapid change, and we often think more about the future than the past. However, studying history can help us better understand our own lives in the context of the places we live and society in general. In America, specifically, the government is informed by its citizens. If the ideals of society shift, that shift will eventually move throughout the different levels of government, effecting widespread change.

For the projects in this course, you will select a historical event that has impacted American society in some way. You may select an event that was discussed in the course, or you may select your own event, with instructor approval. You may consider using the event you chose to work on in your Perspectives in History class, if that event is something you wish to investigate further through this assessment. In Project 1, you will develop a plan for an essay on this historical event. The plan will include a brief description of the selected historical event and the resources you will use in your research. In addition, you will identify an audience for your essay and decide how to communicate your information to this audience.

In Project 2, you will write an essay analyzing the historical event you selected, examining its impact on society as well as its impact on you personally. Project 2 addresses the following course outcomes:

 Illustrate the impact of historical thinking on personal and professional experiences

 Select appropriate and relevant primary and secondary sources in investigating foundational historic events

 Communicate effectively to specific audiences in examining fundamental aspects of human history

 Utilize historical evidence in drawing conclusions about the impact of historic events on American society

 Apply key approaches to studying history in addressing critical questions related to historical narratives and perspectives

Your historical analysis essay should answer the following prompt: Analyze the historical event you selected, using your writing plan as the basis for your analysis. The following critical elements will be assessed in a 4- to 6-page word processing document.

I. Introduction: In this section of your essay, you will introduce your readers to the historical event you selected. Specifically, you should:

A. Provide a brief overview of your historical event. For instance, what background information or context does the reader of your essay need?

B. Based on your research question, develop a thesis statement that states your claim about the historical event you selected. Your thesis statement should be clear, specific, and arguable, as it will give direction to the rest of your essay.

II. Body: You will use this section of your essay to provide further detail about your historical event while supporting the claim you made in your thesis statement. Make sure to cite your sources. Specifically, you should:

A. Describe the causes of the historical event. In other words, what were the underlying factors that led to the historical event? Were there any immediate causes that precipitated the event?

B. Illustrate the course of your historical event. In other words, tell the story or narrative of your event. Who were the important participants? What did they do? Why? How do the perspectives of the key participants differ?

C. Describe the immediate and long-term consequences of the historical event for American society. In other words, how did the event impact American society?

D. Discuss the historical evidence that supports your conclusions about the impact of the event on American society. Support your response with specific examples from your sources.

III. Conclusion: In this section of your essay, you will discuss the impact of historical thinking. Specifically, you should:

A. Explain why this historical event is important to you personally. In other words, why did you select this event to research?

B. Illustrate how your research of the historical event impacted the way you thought about the event. In other words, how did thinking like a historian change the lens through which you viewed the event? Support your response with specific examples.

C. Explain how a historian would pursue further study of your thesis statement. In other words, if a historian were to continue researching your thesis statement, what would be the future directions or next steps?

IV. Provide a reference list that includes all of the primary and secondary sources you used to investigate your historical event and support your thesis statement. Ensure that your list is formatted according to current APA guidelines (or another format, with instructor permission).

V. Communicate your message in a way that is tailored to your specific audience. For instance, you could consider your vocabulary, your audience’s potential current knowledge of historical events, or lack thereof, and what is specifically important to the audience.

Requirements: a reasonable length

if you want we can do our paper on Dr. King again or what ever you pick.

Answer preview

It was a hot afternoon on August 28, 1963, after a whole day of peaceful protest and speeches from different leaders on unemployment, federal legislation, social injustice, and racism (Wittenstein, 2019). More than 250 000 people from different races had gathered at the Lincoln Memorial from different parts of America. King Jr. had prepared his speech the previous night with the help of his close aides and friends. After the day march, the leaders, together with the followers, gathered at the front of the Lincoln Memorial for final speeches to end the day. Several other leaders gave their speeches, and different celebrities entertained the people, but King Jr. was the last to give his speech. After being welcomed to the podium, he began reading his written speech in a slow gravity. In his written speech, he talked about how it was difficult to be black in America and the challenges Black Americans were facing at the time.

[1453 Words]

Historic events on American society

Marjorie Benton

Project Topic Exploration

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History is much more than a list of dates, names, and places. Examining our histories helps us understand how the past connects to our present and what it means to be human. It allows us to make better decisions about our futures. History also provides us with very practical skills that are useful in any profession, such as determining the credibility of information, conducting research, and asking critical questions.

In each module, you will complete assignments that will prepare you for an aspect of your final project. In this assignment, you will choose your project topic. Before completing this activity, review the Project Guidelines and Rubric and the Library Research Guide to know exactly what you will be working on. Make certain to review the historical topic in the library guide, which provides an overview of the topic as well as primary and secondary sources to support your research.

While it is a good idea to choose your topic early, you may change it until the next module.

Prompt

Use the provided Module One Activity Template: Project Topic Exploration and the Research Topic Lists in the HIS 100 Library Guide to complete this assignment. In the Library Guide, you will see the following pages:

Make certain to review the lists of more specific topics within each theme to choose your research topic.

Then, describe your prior knowledge, beliefs, assumptions, and values related to your chosen topic. Finally, you will explain why you think this historical topic is relevant to contemporary society.

Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

  • Explain what you already know about the chosen topic based on your personal history or experiences.
    • If you do not have prior knowledge about your topic, explain what you would like to learn more about.
  • Describe the beliefs, assumptions, and values you have related to the topic you chose.
    • What opinions or perspectives do you have about your topic? What conclusions have you already drawn about it?
  • Explain why this topic is relevant to current events or to modern society.
    • Why might this topic matter to us now?

Requirements: 1page

Answer preview

  • Since the second world war, about 165 nations have turned out to be poor and relatively weak, not to stand on their own in terms of war. Therefore, with the differences in their culture, ideas, and aspirations, there are high chances of an outbreak of war. Therefore, my beliefs and assumptions are that the primary reason for forming the UN in 1945 was to maintain international peace and security, promote healthy living standards, and safeguard human rights.

My values in relation to the topic “UN’s role in world affairs” is that nations need security to protect human rights. So, there is a need for an international forum where nations can air their views and have their interest protected. However, the UN is still committed to ensuring the well-being of all nations in the world by ensuring security, peace, food,

[415 Words]

 

Project Topic Exploration

Marjorie Benton

The Civil Right Campaign

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Assignment Goal: A five-page essay that analyzes an important historical primary source document or artifact in order to answer a historical question about a keyword, and utilizes at least one historian’s writing about it. Historians create secondary sources, and the essay gets secondary source credit ONLY if they are quoted for interpretive or evaluative statements. The essay can use facts from secondary sources, but to gain credit in the essay the quote used must be a statement of analysis, a showing of cause (causality), an interpretation, a position on a historical dilemma, or a claim that the keyword was beneficial or harmful to America.

Step One: Moving from Keyword to Primary Source

Choose one of the numbered keywords found in the Keyword list for Chapters 24-30, and locate the passage section in American Yawp that discusses that keyword. This is your topic background, but you need to find a TEXT or other document (audio, video) or artifact (artwork, object) that will serve as the focus of your essay.

Example: A student named Fiona chose the keyword “Great Recession” and reads the American Yawp text about it in Section V of Chapter 30. The textbook says that a major cause of the recession was a government law entitled the “Commodity Futures Modernization Act”. Yawp also says this law “exempted credit-default swaps—perhaps the key financial mechanism behind the crash—from regulation” (30.V.ii). Fiona focuses on the question, “How did such a law cause the hardship of the Recession?” She decides to find out. She decides the main primary source text is the CFM Act itself. Now she needs to find out how this law allowed banks to collapse, people to lose their homes or jobs, and soon after put the burden to repay the lost money on average Americans instead of forcing banks to take the loss.

Step Two: Moving from Primary Source to Secondary Source

Locate an essay or book written by a historical scholar that analyzes the primary source as one of its features. Use the Queens College Library search engine to locate this source. DO NOT USE YOUR WEB BROWSER SEARCH ENGINE. You will not get credit for this essay if you do not use at least one peer-reviewed academic article or book-length study of your topic. You may use multiple secondary sources for this essay, but at least one must be an academic study that, somewhere in its content, interprets and examines your primary source.

Any secondary source used must be over 3000 words in length (approximately ten printed pages).

Example: First Fiona notes the two book sources listed in Yawp for this section: Joseph Stiglitz, Freefall: America, Free Markets, and the Sinking of the World Economy (New York: Norton, 2010); and Michael Lewis, The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine (New York: Norton: 2010). She next uses the Queens College Library “Onesearch” to look up “Commodity Futures Modernization Act” and begins evaluating the results. Since the Act was passed in 2000 and the Recession began in 2007, she needs to find a source published after 2010 at least, and at best in the last five years (after 2017). The fourth result in the list looks promising:

Christiansen, Christian Olaf. “Sailing a Ship through Stormy Waters Requires a Compass.” Comparative Sociology, vol. 16, no. 4, 2017, pp. 471–98, https://doi.org/10.1163/ 15691330-12341434.

A quick review of this source (in PDF) shows Fiona that, as the author states: “This article examines two reforms and justifications of deregulation, examining which arguments that were used to justify and to criticize financial deregulation.” The word “examine” is used twice, and the article is about the CFM Act itself. Fiona decides to use this as her secondary source. Yet Fiona notes that the article is from a sociology journal, not a historical one. She continues to scroll through the QCLibrary search result for a historical book or article. She notices a lot of items from before 2008, so she resets the DATE (on the results menu at the left) to refine her search to 2015-2022. One results looks promising, with the date 2015, but in looking at the book itself “A Financial History of U.S. Corporate Scandals” she discovers it was really from 2006: no Recession there! Continuing her research, Fiona decides to begin by skimming the two books mentioned in Yawp by Stiglitz and Lewis. She also searches QCLibrary using the keywords “Consequences of Great Recession,” and turns up another useful book: The Great Recession, edited by David B. Grusky, et al., Russell Sage Foundation, 2011. After an hour of research, Fiona now has four secondary sources that might be used in her essay. NOTE: All her sources are entire books or articles from academic journals, NONE OF HER SOURCES ARE FROM HISTORY WEB PAGES.

Step Three: Researching, Drafting and Revising

Start drafting by analyzing the primary source, describe its content, date of creation, author’s purpose, and other consequences and important details evident within, or related to, the primary source. Explain why the source is historically important. For secondary sources, take notes, copy out quotations, and review the main idea or argument of the article or book. Since the essay will focus on the primary source, use the secondary source(s) to answer your main essay question, which needs to be a question that refers to the primary source directly. Always cite the secondary source when you use ideas and information from it in your essay. The next part of Step Three is CRUCIAL: revise. Tell the story of your keyword using the facts and information from Yawp and from other basic sources of information, but be sure to cite and create a bibliography entry for any source except for Yawp. Use Chicago or MLA format for entries. Explain the role your keyword plays in American history, and then present your QUESTION and THESIS. Your question should relate to causes, consequences, continuity or change over time, or how the keyword made a positive or negative impact on American society, economy, or politicial well-being. Both the question and answer should include mention of the primary source studied as central to understanding the keyword. Then include your analysis of the primary source. Link the primary source to other important primary sources if needed, and use secondary sources to present ideas about causes, consequences, continuity or change that are similar or different from your own explanation. Discuss in at least one paragraph why historians (including yourself) have debated or agreed on the meaning and importance of the primary source or keyword. This allows you to move beyond plain facts and work on historical thinking and argument. Take a position on the keyword, on the primary source, and on the secondary sources (is this author correct? Why or why not?). Success in this essay depends on making a reasoned and supported claim about your keyword and source.

Step Four: Make sure your essay is coherent, linked throughout by transition sentences that logically connect topics and paragraphs, and that the thesis is clear and repeated for emphasis. Make sure all uses of sources (except Yawp) are given parenthetical citation ([author last name], [page number]: Jones, 35) and that a Works Cited entry that begins with the name Jones is created. Complete this checklist:

____ essay is five pages of text (excluding images and Works Cited entries)

____ essay uses 12-point Times New Roman font, and lines are double-spaced

And there is no 2.5, 3, or any other spacing used anywhere, margins

of the page are one inch on all sides, top and bottom.

____ essay analyzes one primary source (a text or artifact from the time of

keyword) in depth

____ essay presents a quoted idea from a secondary source that interprets the

primary source

____ essay has your name, due date (12/12/22), class name, prof. name, and a

descriptive Title preceding the text of your essay

____ essay provides MLA (or Chicago) Bibliography entries for all primary and

secondary sources used (do not create an entry for American Yawp)

American Yawp List of Key Terms

Attached Files:

Requirements: 5 pages

which chapter；which topic and what question did you pick

you can check the syllabus chapter 24-30

Answer preview

Another cause of the establishment of the African American civil movement was the arrest of   Rosa Parks for surrendering her chair to a white American man in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955[1]. Parks’ actions inspired the local black community to organize the Montgomery bus boycotts. These boycotts came after a long period of oppression of the African American community as they were viewed as an inferior race in comparison to the white community. The African American children were forced to attend low-quality education institutions, while the white children went to well-equipped and financed education institutions.

The congress of racial equality and its strategy is an article written by Marvin Rich. It was published in 1965 by the sage Journals. The purpose of the author in this context is to examine the role of “the congress of racial equality and its strategy.” The author outline that CORE began as a simple personal non-violent direct action to end discrimination against African Americans. The article connects the commencement of the Civil Rights movement

[1709 Words]

The Civil Right Campaign

Marjorie Benton

Organizing principle of American history

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A Short Paper Assignment allows you to demonstrate your research skills to your instructor and to receive feedback that will benefit you when you write research papers for future courses. With this assignment, you will learn how to do proper research and write a short paper.

Your topic must be the the same topic approved by your instructor in Week 3.

This short paper is at least three double-spaced pages of text (Times New Roman, font size 12) and you must consult a minimum of two academically credible sources. Your bibliography and citations may be in APA, MLA, or Chicago Style format. Students majoring in history must use Chicago Style format.

The short paper needs to be turned in through the assignment section for grading. If you use any of the information from your sources word-for-word, you must cite the source by using endnotes, footnotes, or parenthetical citations. If you read the information and write it in your own words and it is not common knowledge, then you must cite the source because you are paraphrasing someone’s information.

The short paper must include a cover page with your name, course number and course title, instructor’s name, and date. You must also include a bibliography at the end of your paper. While composing your paper, use proper English. Do not use abbreviations, contractions, passive voice, or first/ second person (I, you, we, our, etc). And finally, students are not allowed to use encyclopedias or Wikipedia.

Requirements: read above and PDF

Answer preview

Class and status conflicts in the nineteenth century were the primary driving force for men to be reformers. Although the reformers had different roles, including businessmen, urban elitists, workers, and farmers, their social position was the primary motivation for progressivism. Insecurities and tensions between different groups, as pressures and threats from other social groups, influenced a reform.[1]. The tremendous power held by the big business as they grew larger and bigger was a major concern. Some recommendation was to break down the monopolies into smaller companies to restore competition in the market. Another major concern was regulations to prevent corruption and ensure the big companies could bring power and economic advantage to the country. Some progressives argued the need for the government to have tighter control of the economy. Others were motivated by radicalism and socialist

[1] Thelen, David P. “Social tensions and the origins of Progressivism.” The Journal of American History 56, no. 2 (1969): 323-341.

[1031 Words]

Organizing principle of American history

Marjorie Benton

Historical Context

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The goal of this assignment is to respond to a piece related to something we have encountered so far in class through a close reading of that piece. Each student must write one essay. The paper should be written for an academic audience, with proper citations and style, and turned in through Canvas. Papers should be NO LONGER THAN 6 PAGES (no minimum length). Each paper should include the following:

Part I

  1. A description of the historical CONTEXT of the piece chosen (when and by whom it was made, what was going in the place and time, etc.
  2. A brief analysis of the work according to its TEXT (according to genre: paintings should be analyzed in terms of style and theme, brushstrokes, etc.; architecture in terms of building style, layout, etc.; music in terms of lyrics and sound).
  3. A brief analysis of its SUBTEXT (so you must state what you think the goal or meaning of the piece, what its meaning might be, what this piece might tell us about the culture that created it, and etc., making sure to cite various aspects of the piece (a particular part of the painting or some piece of the story, etc) which supports your interpretation. THIS SHOULD COMBINE YOUR ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT AND CONTEXT.
  4. Your own personal response to the work. This first part of the response should take a stand with regard to the work. Do you like it? Is it effective? Why or why not?

Part II

The second part of the response should compare the work to another. This other work can be from any period or place other than the previously chosen piece. Briefly (in a page or so) examine your chosen artwork according to the previous 4 steps (Part I). Then, draw a comparison between the two works. The comparison should demonstrate how a similar theme, style, or argument occurred in a different time and place, and how that makes it different from the previously chosen piece.

Requirements: No more than 6 pages.

Some of the topics we covered in class were epic poetry, Chinese landscape paintings you don’t have to use these I don’t think you have to use these but its somethings we went over

Answer preview

The detailed individuals in the composition play a crucial role in establishing the background and foreground of this magnificent piece of art. In addition, Velázquez captures the characters’ facial expressions to provide a personal view of the situation in the foreground. The emphasis is illustrated in the foreground as Jistinus is pictured on the left offering keys to Spinola, who, on the other hand, has dismounted from a horse and is consoling his adversary through a friendly gesture on his shoulder (Berzal De Dios, 2015).   The battle is demonstrated in the background through the heavy smoke rising, showing evidence of destruction and death due to the war. The background is crucial in highlighting the history surrounding the events depicted in the foreground to the viewer.

[2037 Words]

Historical Context

 

Marjorie Benton

Economic and political relationships

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i-have-a-term-paper-coming-up-and-need-some-help-i-am-supposed-to-be-giving-king-charles-ii-advice-on-european-affairs

The term paper (which takes the place of a final exam): this assignment requires you to pretend are offering advice to the new King Charles II or his privy council in 1660 and you must do so by drawing upon the history which you have absorbed in our course this semester. You may offer advice to the new king or his council on any subject or theme you wish, but your paper must make detailed reference to the contents of at least one of the primary source documents which have been provided for discussion this semester. Your paper should also clearly draw upon material from our textbook (Tombs). In addition, your paper can draw upon any other readings provided for this course (eg the optional readings or articles provided to supplement weekly reading). I can also upload additional readings on specific topics if you request them (and I can find suitable readings on that topic!).

We will cover the 1650s in the final module of our course (Topic 10 in Week 15), but here is some background information which will help you to contextualize the term paper in advance of Week 15:

In January 1649, Charles I was executed after losing two civil wars and the monarchy in England and Ireland was abolished (the story in Scotland was a bit more complicated). The puritans who supported the parliamentary side in the Civil Wars of the 1640s had already ensured that the Church of England was also dis-established. England, and later Ireland and Scotland, were governed by an English republic, effectively based upon the power of the army and dominated by puritan-style religion. Between 1653 and 1658, this English Republic (known as the Commonwealth) was dominated by a military strongman, Oliver Cromwell, who was given the title of Lord Protector. However, after Cromwell’s death in 1658, the republic rapidly fell apart. This is why the monarchy was revived in 1660 (“the Restoration”) and Charles I’s eldest son was invited back from exile overseas to become Charles II. This makes 1660 a very interesting time: the experiment with republicanism and puritan religious policies had failed, but Charles could not directly challenge most of those associated with the republic if he wanted to restore national unity and build support for himself as king. The very word “Restoration” itself also suggested a return to political normality (after a very abnormal twenty years!) and a revival of England’s traditional (ie historical) practices and values.

These are the historical circumstances in which your term paper is supposed to offer some kind of advice to Charles II as he prepares to become king, or to his new privy council. As noted above, this advice must draw upon some of the history which we have covered in the course this semester and must meet the very basic source requirements noted above (which I have kept to a minimum to give you maximum flexibility).

The key criteria for assessing the term paper will be: (i) the thought and imagination which the paper shows in using ideas and material from our course this semester to respond to the advice-writing scenario which has been laid out here; (ii) that the paper maintains the imaginary advice-writing scenario by reflecting some basic cultural assumptions of the era; and (iii), less importantly, that the paper meets the minimum source requirements laid out above and is coherently structured, references sources where appropriate and reads well.

What do we mean by the expectation that the term paper should reflect some of the basic cultural assumptions of the society which we have studied this semester? We have explored numerous cultural assumptions of English history before 1660 in class this semester, most directly in discussing the primary source extracts. Some of these basic assumptions include, for example: views on religion and God’s role in human affairs; a continuing fear of religious pluralism because of the challenge which it posed to notions of political and social unity; a belief in the special value of history as a means of finding guidance for informing future actions; and a growing recognition of the political significance of the common people, but still a revulsion towards the idea of real democracy (which would challenge the social order supposedly ordained by God) and as rejection of any formal role for women (except as the sovereign).

Some basic formatting guidance for your term paper:

-the paper should be 5-7 pages in length

-the paper must be double-spaced, with the pages numbered and uploaded to Canvas as a PDF file

-the paper should include references or citations (in-text, footnote or endnote) for the sources used in writing it: a reference is mandatory when you quote from a source or when you paraphrase a point that would not be considered as basic knowledge within our course

Here is the Prospectus I wrote for this term paper:

Although I am not a historian or an expert in international relations, I would offer King Charles II of England advice on how to navigate the complex political landscape of seventeenth-century Europe. My main argument is that, as a newly restored monarch, Charles II should prioritize diplomatic efforts to secure his position as a major player in European affairs.

To support this argument, I will draw upon the primary source document, “The Grand Design,” written by Sir William Temple in 1663. In this document, Temple outlines his vision for English foreign policy, advocating for a balance of power in Europe and caution in making alliances. Temple also emphasizes the importance of trade and economic relationships in international diplomacy.

I plan to use Temple’s ideas to argue that Charles II should prioritize diplomatic efforts to secure favorable economic and political relationships with other European powers. Specifically, I will recommend that Charles II pursue alliances with other Protestant powers, such as the Netherlands and Sweden, in order to counterbalance the influence of Catholic states like France and Spain.

Additionally, I will draw upon material from our textbook, Robert Tombs’ “The English and their History,” to provide historical context for Charles II’s reign and the political climate of seventeenth-century Europe. Tombs’ analysis of the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution will be particularly useful in explaining the challenges facing Charles II as he attempts to establish his legitimacy and authority.

To supplement my argument, I will also draw upon secondary sources such as John Brewer’s “The Sinews of Power,” which explores the role of economic and financial resources in early modern European diplomacy. This source will help me to further emphasize the importance of economic relationships in international politics, and to highlight the ways in which Charles II can use England’s economic resources to strengthen its position in Europe.

In conclusion, my advice to King Charles II would be to prioritize diplomatic efforts to secure favorable economic and political relationships with other European powers. By drawing upon Sir William Temple’s “The Grand Design” and other primary and secondary sources, I have argued that Charles II should pursue alliances with other Protestant powers in order to counterbalance the influence of Catholic states like France and Spain. Through these efforts, Charles II can establish England as a major player in European affairs and secure his position as a strong and stable monarch.

Below is the note my professor left for me:

Finley, what is the source which you describe as Sir William Temple’s ‘Grand Design’ of 1663? I can’t identify it, although it seems a lot like something written by the French duke of Sully in the early 1600s. This is why it is really important to give adequate citations for materials used in papers from outside the standard range of course materials. Speaking of which, I can see your mention of the textbook by Tombs, but I don’t any mention of one (or kore) of the document extracts which we have discussed in class this semester. Your final paper needs to discuss at least one of these extracts. I also get the strong sense that you see your paper drawing upon ideas and events from after 1660 (eg the Brewer book). This knowledge can certainly help inform your ideas for the paper, but it does need to respond to the scenario of offering advice to the new or incoming ‘Charles II’ in 1660

Answer preview

Furthermore, I would insist on diplomatic relations as England on its own; any external attack would shake its power and influence among other European nations. Therefore, allying with Netherlands and Sweden would enhance its strength in defending itself. The Foreign policy implemented by Cromwell in attacking Spain, an indirect way of thwarting France, was an over-ambitiously constructed strategy that failed to meet the expected goals, leading to a continental war (Cunningham, 1938). This is not what Britain needed, especially with the state of its internal affairs (Tombs, 2016). King Charles II needed a different perspective to ensure he built international relations from the country’s bad blood with superpowers such as Spain and France in Europe. On the same note, while making alliances, Charles should be cautious of the parties involved in the alliances regarding their trustworthiness. This ensures he does not end up in situations where the other parties involved fail to honor their end of the bargain,

[1575 Words]

Economic and political relationships